![]() ![]() In 2018, China’s middle-class share of 50.8 percent of its population was nearly identical to that of Sweden (51 percent), but differences emerge when breaking down the middle class into its lower and upper echelons. Most of China’s middle-class growth has occurred within the lower-middle income band. Meanwhile, Brazil’s middle class grew by 54.8 million (30.3 percent to 51.4 percent), and India’s expanded by 64.8 million (1.2 percent to 5.7 percent). Russia’s middle class grew by 62 million people, expanding from 28.2 percent of the population to 71.5 percent. Among BRICS economies, only Russia has come close to matching China’s rate of increase. This amounts to an increase of 667.9 million (or 47.8 percentage points). Breakdown of Class Income Bandsīased on Pew’s income band classification, China’s middle class has been among the fastest growing in the world, swelling from 39.1 million people (3.1 percent of the population) in 2000 to roughly 707 million (50.8 percent of the population) in 2018. ![]() In 2015, Pew Research Center expanded this metric to include four additional income levels, with “lower-middle” and “upper-middle” together constituting the broader middle class. To facilitate cross-country comparisons, the World Bank uses a dollar-per-day amount, adjusted based on purchasing power parity (PPP). ![]() For instance, the Chinese government defines incomes ranging from $7,250 to $62,500 (RMB 60,000 to 500,000) per year as middle class. While there is no standard definition of “middle class,” most metrics use income bands to differentiate between economic classes. The increase in income has led to a rising middle class in China. ![]()
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